RAIL TRACK DESIGN FOR LINE SPEED IMPROVEMENT Essay

RAIL TRACK DESIGN FOR LINE SPEED IMPROVEMENT - Essay Example The plan issue viable incorporates course reviewing, track segment recognizable proof, structuring the rail bend and other structure perspectives that help in improving rail transport. Proposal showed can be executed by any train association looking to improve or upgrade there administrations (Mundrey, 1993). Rail tracks are utilized for the direction of trains, and comprise of two steel rails laid in equal. The rails manage the train moving without the requirement for guiding. The rails are laid on sleepers. The sleeper are likewise alluded to as the cross ties. The sleepers are installed in the counterbalance and structure the rail street track. The rails are secured to the sleeper by the utilization of spikes, slack screws, fasteners cuts and pandrol cuts. The kind of affixing sleepers relies upon the sort of sleepers. For the solid sleepers cuts are utilized, for the wooden sleepers' spikes are utilized and for steel sleepers, jolts are normally utilized. Convectional rail configuration included course studying and finding the most affordable course for the rail line. The architect chipped away at methods of planning the rail to outperform the geological impediments (Engineering Policy Group (EPG). 2009). As of now rail configuration includes many structure angles. These plan viewpoint results from the requirement for more prominent rates and overwhelming burdens. Because of these elements, the most significant thought for the rail configuration are: Course looking over. This includes arranging the rail courses so it goes through the most prudent course (Hickerson, 1967). Long haul traffic levels; if the projection shows that over the long haul the traffic will increment. Plan thought for extension of the rail just as consolidating trains with rapid and overwhelming ought to be contemplated. Natural concern: the plan should concentrate on an ecological cordial rail that doesn't harm the earth. Legislative issues: Government impacts and subsidizing enormously influence the nature of the rail and furthermore its drawn out advantages. Land issues; when planning for sped up, gigantic bends are required; the compelling component to this is the confinement of land. Monetary components: this decides the kind of rail developed. Very much subsidized activities can chronicle the greater part of the plan necessities. Structure of The track bed The rails are laid on a bed of stones, counterweight is regularly utilized. The bed is involved the accompanying significant layers; The earth: this is the common ground where the rail is to be laid. The sub grade: this involves compacted soil. The compaction and expulsion of mud from this layer forestalls the extension and pressure forestalling the sinking of the rail which harms this track. The dirts utilized in this layer must not grow or pack because of water assimilation. Pressure of the dirt additionally helps is forestalling the invasion of water and mud. Cover: this is a layer of stone residue or sand, it is blended in with impenetrable plastic. The layer forestalls the upward penetration of earth and water which may crush the rails. Counterbalance: This is a layer of stone. The sort of stone utilized and the evaluation of the weight decide its heap bearing

The Raging Storm Essay Example

The Raging Storm Essay Example The Raging Storm Essay The Raging Storm Essay Unusual, it is a gigantic nothing that we dread. The wrath of the tempest draws nearer, wrecking everything in its way like a savage mammoth, persistent it draws nearer to its objective. The skies unfilled, as herds of fowls quickly take asylum from the approaching fear. The natural life escapes from the prospective savagery with helping speed, the feeling of threat consuming in their brains. People still neglectful of the peril proceed with their work without the information it will all be detracted from them angrily. A shocking quietness hangs over the town, the fleeting tranquility before all hell breaks loose, conning the occupants of our planet with the deadliest of consequences. With a solitary glimmer of helping the tempest lingers down on the little, clueless town, similar to a general giving the sign for his soldiers to go into fight it walks past the frail resistances of the Earth. With the power of ten thousand ponies it tears its way through the open country, carving its way through electrical cables and trees like a blade through margarine, easily wrecking the territory. The downpour starts to assault the ground as the tempest slides. In no time, it immerses the little network with crushing power. The heavy downpour beats against the unsteady window of a delicate house, attempting to discover a route into the blurring security of a childs room. Hardhearted the tempest gets, each moment its fierceness copies, the fiasco developing with the quality of the tempest. Terrified spectators look in wonderment as the tempest tears through their once quiet town, it appears as though time stops as a stunning blast shakes the trembling Earth. Another weapon in the tempests deadly implement is utilized against the uncovered occupants of the town, shoot. The strong power of the storm spreads the inferno quicker than the getting away from animals can run. The tempest that a little whirlwind has developed into swallows the escaping creatures, they let out shouts of torment that you can nearly feel as they are hurled into the bleak sky. The code is split to get into the houses, what survives from the crushed network is at long last worn out and diminished to heaps of rubble. The unnerved families escape into the old asylums, worked by their progenitors after last time nature vented her wrath. The decaying wooden entryway is destroyed by the noxious breeze, gradually surrendering to the surge from above. Inside the shelter the detainees sit tensely trusting that the tempest will pass, each break of thunder echoes around the room, helping them to remember the threat sneaking outside. The tempest thumps against the entryway of the safe house, standing by quietly for the correct chance to break in. Fruitless it proceeds onward to the following objective, determined by the steadfast overcomers of the catastrophe. With a similar blaze of helping that flagged the beginning of the tempest it vanishes, abandoning a scene from a combat area. Houses annihilated, trees evacuated, wore out vehicles and a few confounded survivors helping the harmed and attempting to work out what simply occurred. An unusual quiet hangs over the town, at times hindered by the shouting alarms of the crisis administrations. No mutts can be heard yapping at night air, the sky is vacant of all winged animals whose tunes used to serenade the inhabitants of the town, no youngsters playing in the summers day, simply the incidental call for help from the mountains of rubble. The quiet after the tempest, mirroring the pressure noticeable all around before the tempest. Rescuers still careful about the Earth, presently obscuring with sunset, not comprehending what tomorrow will bring. Unusual, it is an immense nothing that we dread.

Working With Emotional Intelligence Essay Example

Working With Emotional Intelligence Essay In â€Å"Working With Emotional Intelligence† Daniel Goleman talks about the significance of passionate insights in business world. Specifically, the creator depicts physical and neurological parts of feelings expressing that enthusiastic existence of individuals isn't identified with scholastic intelligence.â In such a manner, Goleman underlines the significance of passionate insight abilities in the work environment and in private life. Goleman examines the ideas of collaboration, tuning in, participation, correspondence, talking as they key parts of enthusiastic knowledge underscoring their job in successful authority and expert preparing programs. Through Goleman’s composing, he presents that hopeless assurance, presumptuous supervisors and scared representatives effectsly affect execution results and occupation fulfillment. The issue is that such enthusiastic lacks stay disregarded and overlooked, at the same time, if not oversaw, they are probably going to bring about diminished efficiency, missed cutoff times, disasters and diminished polished methodology of representatives. The book is Goleman’s mission for raising significance of passionate knowledge in the workplace.Book OverviewGoleman claims that enthusiastic insight might be characterized in a few different ways. For instance, passionate insight is acknowledging one’s feelings, mindfulness and capacity to perceive sentiments, or taking care of aptitudes in overseeing emotions and feelings of others. An ever increasing number of organizations allude to enthusiastic insight in light of the fact that, as Goleman says, rules have changed. The new principles conclude who is on the highest point of accomplishment and who is on its base. Regardless of what field the organization is working in, it relies upon individual attributes that are fundamental for company’s attractiveness and future employments. The principles are not ones that are found out in schools. They are new proportion of scholarly capacity and specialized abilities. New guidelines drive organizations towards organizing individual abilities as versatility, convincingness, activity and empathy.In Part One Goleman examines passionate insight, IQ and experience focusing on that being genuinely savvy esteems more than specialized aptitudes. Goleman believes that authoritative achievement relies upon such close to home characteristics as sympathy, activity, self-assurance, mindfulness, dependability and versatility. Goleman shows that depending on specialized aptitudes just won’t guarantee the most noteworthy efficiency and employment maintenance. Accordingly, he calls for depending on passionate insight rather than experience and IQ. The entire book is a business case how to use passionate knowledge, and the writer refers to 25 years of research inside. Goleman (2000) contends, â€Å"Companies that influence this bit of leeway add quantifiably to their base line†.The key inquiry is how passionate insight is related with benefit? For what reason is it so significant for contemporary exceptionally serious business condition?  Today is the time of complex work and, in this manner, joint effort and collaboration are they key needs for organizations that will in general join individuals in their work. Fruitful organizations are professed to be organizations that show passionate insight and understand the significance of employees’ capacities to deal with feelings in the work environment. Organizations with enthusiastic insight have upper hand over others. Goleman (2000) stresses, â€Å"In the new working environment, with its accentuation on adaptability, groups, and a more grounded client direction, this urgent arrangement of passionate capabilities is turning out to be progressively essential†. In any case, enthusiastic insight isn't constrained to being basically pleasant or fearless. Rather, enthusiastic insight is a mix of individual capabilities that help people to deal with own feelings through self-guideline, mindfulness and self-inspiration, and of social abilities that help with moving toward relations with social skills.Goleman (2000) says that the idea of passionate knowledge is new and all around upheld, â€Å"We now have 25 years’ worth of observational investigations that let us know with a formerly obscure exactness exactly how much passionate knowledge matters for success†. His reasonable research uncovers that passionate and social skills are twice as significant for current organizations since they add to greatness, rather than experience and IQ that determine just the specialized side of execution. In Part Two Goleman indicates twelve employment abilities and stresses their novel commitment to in general business execution. Goleman stresses that, while recruiting experts, associations ought to organize dependability, activity, mindfulness and fearlessness alongside such social aptit udes as group abilities, authority characteristics and compassion. In Part Three the creator alludes to key relationship aptitudes saying they let organizations mastermind working procedure all the more proficiently. Goleman says that fruitful associations ought to think about the significance of compassion, administration, political mindfulness and utilizing decent variety. Passionate insight doesn’t require being flawless in all the skills rather it calls for being sufficiently able to reach success.The creator offers proposals for improving enthusiastic knowledge inside association. In Part Four Goleman helps the individuals who are eager to be on a standard with their enthusiastic insight and to abstain from sitting around idly. He recommends that enthusiastic skill preparing would be vital. For that reason Goleman suggests Managerial Assessment and Development course. Instructional classes ought to be result situated as opposed to ‘one-size-fits-all trainingâ€℠¢ as hierarchical administration ought to be sure that their speculations are powerful and execution will be improved. Goleman (2000) says, â€Å"Too frequently the main genuine impact of preparing, regardless of what it’s for, is that individuals get a present moment ‘buzz’ of vitality that keeps going close to a couple of days or weeks, after which participants fall over into whatever their ongoing mode was before the training†.The creator is happy to show that representatives won’t go to passionate knowledge without a moment's delay since it is an intricate and steady procedure. In this manner, it is important to follow sound rules to turn out to be genuinely capable. Goleman stresses that passionate insight can be gotten the hang of empowering, in such a way, associations and people to re-shape key qualities and techniques. All things considered, Goleman suggests not getting fixated on the possibility of passionate insight; rather, loosening up is suggested for strengthening hierarchical qualities and missions. Enthusiastic insight ought to be advanced through broad preparing as it permits making environment (2000) that â€Å"rewards and even celebrates such self-improvement†. Goleman says that sound heads understand that expenses of good preparing would be reimbursed inside the year.In the last piece of the book Goleman disclose being genuinely clever and delineates how improved business execution makes association progressively alluring for employees.â Goleman (2000) composes, â€Å"An organization’s aggregate degree of enthusiastic insight decides how much that organization’s scholarly capital is acknowledged thus, it’s by and large performance†. Specifically, the last part is a model how Egon Zehnder International has figured out how to apply the ideas of enthusiastic insight to business practice. Egon Zehnder International is worldwide official hunt organization that has shown the adequacy of participation and coordinated effort †key thoughts of enthusiastic insight. Egon Zehnder International is described by significant levels of collaboration, open correspondence, responsibility and participation. Goleman (2000) notes, â€Å"The search firm’s very business, finding the perfect individual for an organization, requests aptitude at sympathy, natural precision, and authoritative awareness†.The creator shows that passionate insight does make a difference as Egon Zehnder International is completely compensated for re-masterminding business approach. Today Egon Zehnder International is one of the most gainful organizations on the planet being up to 60% more profitable than normal firms. The way to company’s achievement is established in its specific employing system, in which just encouraging and genuinely savvy applicants were chosen. Individual characteristics were underlined in recruiting methodology, and applicants were assessed on th eir fearlessness, mindfulness, administration characteristics, collaboration abilities, uprightness, development, sympathy and listening aptitudes. Presence of mind, comical inclination and striking creative mind were profoundly valued and invited. Applicants were required to be acceptable partners and companions. On the case of Egon Zehnder International, Goleman shows that changes are inescapable, and today organizations become less various leveled, yet he talks about what skills hierarchical pioneer ought to have and what capabilities should representatives be involved with. A few abilities are important for the top, while others are fundamental for standard representatives. Notwithstanding, he reasons that individual aptitudes are significant for each base as they add to by and large business execution. With years passionate insight will be similarly requested over the company.ConclusionIn â€Å"Working With Emotional Intelligence† Daniel Goleman stresses joint effort and participation as key ideas of enthusiastic knowledge. He contends that individual and social aptitudes esteem more today than IQ and experience. Social relations, collaboration capacities and initiative characteristics are essential to company’s endurance, and passionate insight ought to be applied to encouraging participation inside association. The positive finding is that enthusiastic knowledge might be learned and improved. Accordingly, Goleman has put forth an amazing attempt to e

School Violence in the United States - Free Essay Example

School violence has largely become one of the greatest issues the United States is facing in the 21st century largely due to the underlying issues that are present when violence in schools occurs. When school violence is in the news, oftentimes it is associated with school shootings. There are questions that need to be asked that involve the issues that led to someone committing such violence to hopefully prevent this from happening again, but it seems as if the problem is much bigger than solving what seems to also be a mental health crisis. Bullying or the home environment could be major factors into the reasons why a student wants to commit violent acts towards their classmates or school staff and could be the key in helping to prevent future acts of violence in schools. Acts of bullying or being harassed are nothing new to the 21st century as it has occurred for centuries in various forms, both reported and unreported. With todays technology advances, bullying has become more prevalent and is no longer just confined to school grounds. With the internet and cell phone usage on the rise, bullying takes on new forms. It is no longer contained to face-to-face contact, but also includes cyberbullying with many ways to harm an individual. The most common places where it occurs is through social media, text messaging, instant messaging, and email (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). This type of bullying can be dangerous because online content such as photos, social media posts, or text messages can be shared and often viewed by their peers or even strangers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). One might assume that since technology has become widely used in the United States, there would be more studies done to analyze cyberbullying behaviors to help staff members in schools or parents and guardians recognize the signs or behaviors of bullying to assist in preventing situations from escalating or to help give those who have been victimized a voice as oftentimes bullying can go unreported. However, according to the Cyberbullying Research Center, there have only been three studies to their knowledge that have examined various factors or behavior of cyberbullying from 2000 to 2017 (Cyberbullying Research Center). This statistic is concerning given that according to DoSomething.org, about 75 percent of students admit they have visited a website bashing another student (DoSomething.org). While cyberbullying is occurring more frequently through recent years, other types of harassment have been prevalent for centuries. Bullying can also fall under harassment, which can be based on race, sex, color, age, disability or religion (National Association of School Nurses, Inc.). Students who are most vulnerable to this type of bullying are those with disabilities, speech impediments, academic difficulties or physical features such as children with glasses or those who are overweight (National Association of School Nurses, Inc.). According to statistics from the Anti-Bullying Institute, one in seven students in the grades K-12 are either a bully or have been a victim of bullying and an estimated 160,000 children in the United States stay home due to the fear of bullying or intimidation from other students(Anti-Bullying Institute). Not only are students subjected to harassment if they are more likely to have a physical or mental disability, but gender, religion, and sexual orientation appear to play an unfortunate role in bullying, as well. According to a statistic from the research, 83 percent of girls and 79 percent of boys report experiencing harassment (Anti-Bullying Institute). Bullying can also result in how a student may feel over someone elses sexual orientation. According to a statistic, nearly nine out of ten LGBTQ youth report being verbally abused because of their sexual orientation (Anti-Bullying Institute). Religion is also another factor into bullying in schools. According to a statistic, 57 percent of boys and 43 percent of girls reported being bullied because of religious or cultural differences. Children who are more apt to bully may also have difficulties in their home environment. Studies show that, Four-year-old children who receive emotional support and cognitive stimulation from their parents are significantly less likely to become bullies in grade school, but the more television four-year-olds watch the more likely they are to bully later (Journal Of The American Medical Association). According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, there are three possible predictors of future bullying behavior (Journal Of The American Medical Association). These predictors are: that parental emotional support helps young children young children develop empathy, self-regulation, and prosocial skills and might be protective; that bullying might arise out of early cognitive deficits that lead to decreased competence with peers; and that television violence may produce aggressive behavior (Journal Of The American Medical Association). These predictors are helpful in discove ring ways to influence the prevention of acts of bullying that may lead to school violence in the home environment, however, there must also be an influence of prevention from schools. Schools are becoming an important part in preventing bullying behavior or school violence. However, according to a statistic, nearly 70% of students think schools respond poorly to bullying (Anti-Bullying Institute). As someone who works in a public elementary school, I have seen evidence of bullying in a school and the response to bullying from the schools perspective. It is highly important to keep your eyes open to witness any behavior that may be suspicious of bullying. According to a statistic on this topic, when bystanders intervene, bullying stops within ten seconds, 57 percent of the time (Anti-Bullying Institute). Bullying occurs because students are often motivated by the power and high feeling they can receive from harassing a classmate or young individuals. Students who pursue bullying may be compensating for what is occurring in their home life or their emotions from school or other factors. Harassment and bullying can also have a long-term effect on students from a physical and mental health perspective, even those who witness another child being bullied (Bullying No Way!). Children that see bullying often feel like that is the normal behavior on how to act towards other students or peers (Bullying No Way!). According to an organization, Bullying No Way!, research shows that bullying has a negative impact on kids self-esteem, academic performance, coping skills and can increase unhappiness and anxiety. That is where the mental illness falls into place (Bullying No Way!). With mental health in question, oftentimes bullying may escalate to worse situations than mental abuse or physical violence. Students may get their hands on various weapons and decide to bring them to school to commit gun violence against students and school staff. According to a statistic on school shootings, 75 percent of shooting incidents at schools have been linked to bullying and harassment (Anti-Bullying Institute). In just the past 2 years, school shootings have become what seems like the new norm, yet have been happening at least since the 1970s. According to a report from researchers of the Department of Education and the Secret Service, they studied 37 incidents of targeted school-based violence between 1974 and 2000 (Winn). The school-based violence was either a current or recent, former student who attacked someone at his or her school with lethal means; and where the student attacker purposefully chose his or her school as the location of the attack (Winn). The report also found a few notable statistics: all of the attacks were committed by males, 98 percent of the attackers experienced or perceived a major loss prior to the attack, most attackers used a gun as their primary weapon, with 61 percent using handguns and 49 percent us ing rifles or shotguns (Winn). These statistics fit possibly the first school shooting for recent generations to remember, which was the Columbine High School shooting. Two male teens joined together to go on a shooting spree that killed 13 people and wounding more than 20 others, before committing suicide on April 20, 1999 (History.com Editors). During that time, Columbine was considered the worst high school shooting in U.S. history (History.com Editors). Since Columbine, countless other school shootings have occurred that have been declared the worst school shooting in U.S. history, that matches many of these statistics, of the description of the type of weapon or individuals who perpetrated the violence. However, there have also been smaller school shooting situations that may not have gotten much media attention. On September 20, 2017, a school shooting attempt occurred at a high school in Mattoon, Illinois near where I work, which is at the elementary school. The gunman was a freshman, who was apparently bullied, and had brought a gun into the cafeteria and fired a shot off which had hit one student before a staff member sprang into action to stop the shooter from injuring or killing others (Vivanco-Prengaman). The student was detained and charged with one count of aggravated battery with a firearm (Vivanco-Prengaman). I remember being outside on the playground supervising the recess at the elementary school when we got the call to immediately get everyone inside. We did, and as students started showing up, the emotions were high and students were scared. It was a very emotional day for me, but more so for the students. Seeing the kids come together, hugging each other making sure there friends and others were safe was a bright spot in the gloomy day. If it wasnt for the brave teacher, more kids would have been injured, if not dead. This a prime example of how many organizations from the federal, state, and local level, as well as schools and those responsible for raising children should work together or strive to prevent such acts of violence. The argument on school shooting prevention could be made solely on gun control due to the weapons typically being used in school shootings, however, it must start at many levels other than a political movement. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that research shows prevention for school violence can be made based on the efforts by teachers, administrators, parents, community members, and even students (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there must be strategies based levels of an individual, relationship, community, and societal in order to lower the risk of school violence. On an individual level, a childs experiences, knowledge, and skills can influence their likelihood of becoming involved in violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Encouraging a childs abilities to solve problems or difficulties and giving them opportunities to engage in social activities that are positive can reduce their involvement in violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). On a relationship level, positive types with peers with good influence, teachers, and families are a critical factor in promoting a childs well-being, which also helps prevent school violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). On a community level, the social environment that occurs in schools can greatly influence a childs motivation for violence. This is why it is extremely important for schools to improve not only a plan in case of a school shooting, but to also improve the promotion of learning and support effective classroom management practices, promoting cooperativ e learning techniques, providing educators with training and support to better meet the diverse needs of students, providing opportunities to actively engage families, and creating open communication and decision-making processes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). On a societal level, conditions and systems must be put in place to assist a certain social and cultural environment that may elevate the likelihood of school violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). School violence is simply something that no one can ignore. From a mental health and home environment aspect, it is important to remember that these students who commit such violent acts may be the bullies or may be tired of being bullied, yet may feel that they have no way out other than to turn to violence. It is important for individuals to understand that these children deserve to go to school and feel safe. It is up to the older generation to shape the lives of our children and to put forth efforts that prevent these crimes from happening whether on a political or social level.

The History Of Uk Cyber Strategy - 1230 Words

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Project Management An Project Manager - 3280 Words

IT Task A Interview What are his/her overall responsibilities as an IT Project Manager? The method of the Project Administrator contains a couple of exercises, for instance, (Heldman, 2011): Sorting out and Decoding Opportunity Arranging and Sequencing Activity Asset Planning Making Arrangements Time Calculating Expense Calculating Building up a Price range Documentation Making Charts and Arrangements Risk Research Directing Risks and Problems Watching and Verifying Improvement Bundle Management Fundamental Impacting Business Integrating Working with Providers Adaptability, Interoperability and Flexibility Research Controlling Quality Advantages Realization What day to day tasks does an IT Project Manager carry out? The†¦show more content†¦Milestone is one of the best resources the Project Administrator can use to appear to be sensible of whether he or she is on the screen in light of the project change. The obsolete point proposition ought to be in vicinity records that ought to be changed here and there a week. Gantt diagram uncovers the project plan and reveals the Project Administrator the relationship of every movement. Gantt graphs are all around used for any sort of project from move up to database compromise. If the project has a more unmistakable arranging, first class or high-risk nuance, then the Project Administrator can utilize venture errands. MS Project can be used as a substitute contraption for checking project modify or it can be used for watching got endeavours apportioned in a couple neighbourhood puts and managed by distinctive undertaking administrators. There is couple of other framework programs for project shop paying little mind to MS Project. The prevailing piece of these new changes is online spots for project shop exercises where the project accomplices have admission to wander information and change from one spot. In Project Reviews, the project modify and the sticking to the technique determinations are basically unquestionably caught on. Frequently, wander results are joined with project reviews by a third occasion (inside or outside). The resistance and action things are then seen to do them. Delivery Reviews certify that the supply tried

Positive psych free essay sample

The emerging field of positive psychology has gained a lot of interest in the recent years. Positive psychology has been proven to promote happiness in many individual’s lives as well as reinforce their personal feelings of self-worth. The use of positive psychology can be applied to multiple aspects of an individual’s life, making it a universal approach to happiness and less stress. One major group of individuals that can effectively carry out the use of positive psychology is athletes. Instilling and educating coaches and players about this approach could help players deal with the immense amount of pressure the players go through. Professional athletes obviously take on more pressures than younger players, but the use of positive psychology can help athletes of all ages. Positive psychology is becoming an emerging field of study within psychology with growing interest. Positive psychology is cutting edge to the psychology field because it is the first branch that focuses on the positive assets and values of an individual instead of trying to treat a mental illness. The mission of positive psychology is to develop sound theories of optimal functioning and to find empirically supported ways to improve the lives of ordinary and extraordinary people. To address this, the first author proposed, during his term as President of the American Psychological Association in 1998, that psychology be just as concerned with what is right with people as it is with what is wrong. As a supplement to the vast research on the disorders and their treatment, we suggest that there should be an equally thorough study of strengths and virtues, and that we should work towards developing interventions that can help people become lastingly happier (Parks, Saligman, Steen 2004). Positive psychology is primarily concerned with using the psychological theory, research and intervention techniques to understand the positive, adaptive, creative and emotionally fulfilling aspects of human behavior. Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living. It is a call for psychological science and practice to be as concerned with strength as with weakness; as interested in building the best things in life as in repairing the worst; and as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling as with healing pathology (Peterson 2008). The most important thing in life is happiness and that is what this very approach is promoting. A life with more happiness is a life that many individuals want, but don’t realize how easy it is to acquire it. The increased stress of competitions can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may become tense, their heart rates race, they break into a cold sweat, they worry about the outcome of the competition, or they can find it hard to concentrate on the task in hand. This has led coaches to take an increasing interest in the field of sport psychology and in particular in the area of competitive anxiety. That interest has focused on techniques that athletes can use in the competitive situation to maintain control and optimize their performance. Once learned, these techniques allow the athlete to relax and to focus his or her attention in a positive manner on the task of preparing for and participating in competition. Psychology is another weapon in the athletes armory in gaining the winning edge. Many people in today’s society are claiming to be stressed out or in some state of depression. With much of the population stating this, it has become an interest to look into. It is known that it is normal for our overall health to decline as the aging process occurs. However, things like stress and depression can act like a catalyst and speed this process up much faster. This is why positive psychology is so important to our present society. Positive psychology works to decrease or even diminish those feelings of depression, stress, and self-doubt. It is a unique approach that has been proven to promote happiness, positive emotions, and positive feelings. There is much research that suggests that happiness is also a means toward higher levels of overall success. Using positive psychology can promote happiness, which, in return, will lead to more overall success in an individual’s life (Ben-Shahar 2007). By using the positive psychology approach an individual can lower stress while improving personal biological and spiritual health. Another advantage point to positive psychology is that it can be applied to many aspects of an individual’s life. Positive psychology can be applied to education, the workplace, and in relationships (Ben-Shahar 2007). Athletes for example, are a group of individuals who could really benefit from positive psychology. Athletes of all ages and skill type experience some sort of pressure while playing their beloved sport. Younger athletes could feel pressure from coaches, teammates, and even parents. If youre a parent or coach, you probably have an opinion about youth sports. You might think that sports help children develop teamwork skills, self-confidence, resiliency, moral character, and other personal strengths. Or you may see a dark side to youth sports, believing that young athletes develop aggressive traits like bullying and the need to dominate their opponents on and off the field. The proponents of youth sports often make blanket statements about the benefits of sports, leading parents to believe that if the young athlete doesnt make the team, they may not achieve happiness or develop positive strengths needed to succeed in life. Some believe the positive hype around youth sports is spread by adults who either blindly accept the notion that sports are good for all kids or who are in the business of developing high-performing athletes (Price-Mitchell 2012). Youth sports can be one of the greatest character builders of any young individual. For young athletes, like the one mentioned above who did not make the team, positive psychology is huge. The young athlete is naturally going to have some negative feelings, but needs to be picked up by parents or a coach. You don’t have to be a professional athlete or an Olympic champion to be a successful athlete. Nor do you have to have a room full of trophies, win a state championship, or make the front page of the sports section. Successful athletes also include an eleven year-old figure skater who has not yet won a competition, a high school golfer with a zero handicap, a middle-aged runner whose goal is to complete her first marathon, a weight lifter who holds several world records, and an Olympic medalist (Lesyk 1998). Professional athletes on the other hand, have much more stress to deal with. Professional athletes have to deal with the pressure of being trading, competitive salaries, and things of this nature. Exercising positive psychology would be a great way to reduce their stress and elevate their health. With the absence of stress athletes can then focus on their game and perform at peak levels. Positive psychological interventions can be implemented in many ways in the sporting environment. For instance, research on self talk has shown that positive self talk aids performance. Self talk can be linked closely to a pessimistic explanatory style (Morris 2013). Positive psychology promotes areas such as optimism, stress management, resilience and coping abilities. All of these aspects are important for athletes as they are key traits needed for sporting performance. Many studies like the one mentioned above have looked into the role of optimism and attribution style in sports. This shows that optimists try harder and perform better under pressure. The athletes are not the only ones that should be responsible for carrying out positive psychology; this is where the coaches come into play. Athletes spend the majority of their time with coaches, trainers, and teachers trying to improve their game. It is extremely important for these coaches and teachers to be educated in positive psychology. If the teachers and coaches as well as the athletes are educated about positive psychology, then the relationship and the experience will be healthy. Old school methodology, and hard-nosed tough guy approaches in coaching are not only antiquated but they are ineffective, inefficient, and miss huge opportunities to allow the athlete to train him or herself mentally (Walker 2012). If you’re a sports fan of any type, you have heard about athletes leaving teams or being traded because the athlete and coach could not see eye to eye. These are prime examples why the use of positive psychology is so vital. What is even more appalling is when youth athletes quit for this reason. Young athletes are simply playing the sport because of the positive emotions and feelings they get while playing it. It is terrible when you hear about a promising young athlete who quit because of complications with the coach or feelings of self-doubt. Self-doubt can be very hard for a young player to overcome. Mental toughness in youth sports is imperative. Being mentally weak can bring a stop to any athlete’s career, but if they exercise positive psychology, their mental toughness could soar. The number one mental weakness for athletes is called pressing. Pressing is when an athlete thinks he or she has control over something they do not. Athletes think this because they have been told numerous times by coaches, trainers, and teachers to be positive. Young athletes think that by being positive they can control uncontrollable aspects of the game. An example of pressing would be when a hockey player says he can place his shot anywhere he wants it. He thinks he can do this because he has been told to stay positive. In his mind being positive is controlling his shot. However, to a certain extent the shot cannot be controlled, and if it could be controlled there would never be any mistakes. When athletes start thinking they can control things, they also start pressing. Pressing is basically the opposite of believing and trusting in yourself. When athletes start pressing they sacrifice their quality of play by robbing their self of their innate ability to relax, trust their body, and bring out your best (Brown 2010). Pressing is a major problem for youth athletes that could be solved by positive psychology. A coach could practice positive psychology on a player with these problems to bring them out of their â€Å"slump† and begin their â€Å"hike† back to a high quality of play. By being taught how to escape the pressure of pressing oneself, the athlete can then perform better and enjoy the experience much more easily. There is no question that success in sports is a result of hard-work and good genes but finding the motivation to persevere, especially during tough times, is not that easy. It is important for young athletes to have a positive relationship with their coaches and teachers. The relationship between young athletes and coaches should build trust and should be athlete oriented. It is important that young athletes and coaches talk about goals and revealing strengths. The main difference that youth coaches should focus on is the athlete’s thought process, emotions and values, rather than on how technique, tactics and physical conditioning relate to a player’s performance. Creating a balance in an athlete’s life is an important component of being happier and resilient for both players and their families. If more coaches were educated in positive psychology, they could instill these approaches on young players. This could ultimately lead to a young athlete meeting his or her life goal. The coach can also gain a sense of accomplishment by knowing that they played an important role in that athlete’s career. As you have read, positive psychology has numerous advantages when applied to the many aspects of an individual’s life. The simple positive psychology approach can eliminate many burdens an individual has during his day-to-day life. It has proven over and over again to eliminate self doubt and stress, and since the majority of our population is reporting to have some kind of stress and or depression, positive psychology is more important now than ever. Like stated above, athletes of all ages can benefit from positive psychology. If coaches and players alike can become educated about positive psychology, the sports we love can once again become a fulfilling activity instead of a business, like it has become. During this process of applying positive psychology individuals can then feel the negative weight that has been lifted from their bodies, while their individual health increases. Positive psychology is a great way to promote happiness, increase self worth, and self well being.